An introduction to the basic doctrines and principles of private law, concerning especially the concepts of right, natural and legal person, juridical acts as well as the main methodological approaches for the implementation and interpretation of legal norms.

This course provides a systematic introduction to the general theory of the state, situating constitutional law within the broader framework of public law and political science. It examines the state as a legal and political order, focusing on its defining characteristics, constituent elements, and institutional structures. Key themes include the concepts of sovereignty, territory, people, and public authority, as well as the forms of state and government through history and across legal traditions. Students will explore foundational principles such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic legitimacy, while also considering the relationship between the state and the individual through citizenship, rights, and duties. Special attention is devoted to the challenges faced by modern states in times of crisis, and to the impact of supranational integration and international law on statehood and constitutional development. Greek public law provides a reference point within a wider comparative and theoretical framework, enabling students to understand both the continuity and the transformation of the state in contemporary governance.

This course provides an integrated introduction to the fundamental principles of criminal law and the study of crime from a legal and criminological perspective. It examines the essential structure of criminal liability, including the concepts of actus reus, mens rea, causation, and defences, while familiarising students with the classification of offences and the role of punishment in modern legal systems. Alongside the doctrinal aspects of criminal law, the course introduces key criminological theories and methodologies that explain the causes and social dynamics of crime. Greek criminal law is presented as a central case study, with comparative insights from civil law and common law traditions, as well as European and international instruments shaping criminal justice policy. The course aims to cultivate a solid understanding of the normative and social foundations of criminal law, preparing students for more advanced studies in criminal law and procedure.

This course introduces students to the discipline of comparative law and provides a structured overview of the world's principal legal families. It examines the historical development, structural features, and conceptual foundations of civil law, common law, and mixed legal systems, alongside elements of religious and customary legal traditions. Emphasis is placed on the functions of law, sources of legal authority, methods of reasoning, and institutional frameworks within each system. Students will also explore the purposes, methods, and challenges of comparative legal analysis, with attention to legal transplants, harmonisation, and legal pluralism. Greek law is presented as a case study within the broader civil law tradition, allowing for contextualised reflection and informed comparison. The course lays the groundwork for further study across doctrinal fields by equipping students with the conceptual tools to navigate legal diversity and engage critically with legal systems in a globalised world.

The course aims to introduce students to the development of international institutions, as a means of safeguarding world peace and deterring war through the peaceful settlement of international disputes, crisis management and the use of sanctions in case of aggression. The course examines the setting-up, functioning and ultimate failure of the League of Nations, the setting-up of an International Court of Justice (preceded by the International Court of Arbitration), the breakdown of peaceful international relations during the 1930s, the Second World War and the setting-up of the United Nations Organization, the major milestones in the history of the UNO during the Cold War and its aftermath, the response of the new superpowers (the United States and the Soviet Union) as well as the traditional European great powers to post-war challenges, early forms and schemes of European co-operation, and the qualitative leap in inter-state relations that was gradually taken through the process of economic and political integration among liberal democratic European states. It covers the period from the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (1951) to the Treaty of Lisbon (2007), which consolidated the European Union in its current form. The course offers indispensable historical background and context to courses related to Public International Law and European Union Law.

This course offers a comprehensive introduction to constitutional law through both national‑comparative and European perspectives. The first part addresses the general theory and practice of constitutions, focusing on their functions, normative authority, and institutional frameworks across major legal traditions. Core themes include constitution‑making and amendment, constitutional supremacy and interpretation, forms of government and separation of powers, judicial review, political representation and voting rights. The Greek Constitution is used as a primary case study within the continental tradition and compared with other models, including those of the United States, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It also examines the constitutional dimensions of the European Union, exploring questions of legitimacy, sovereignty, the constitutional role of the Treaties, and the reception of EU law within national orders. Students will engage with debates on democratic principles, European citizenship, and the role of the Court of Justice as a constitutional actor. By the end of the course, students will have acquired a solid foundation in both the theory of constitutions and the supranational developments reshaping constitutional law today.

This course explores the legal framework governing contracts -legally binding agreements between two or more parties operating within the realm of private law, which give rise to enforceable obligations. The subject matter is approached through case-oriented and comparative analysis, emphasising key concepts to civil and/or common law traditions. The course follows the full life cycle of a contract, from negotiation and formation to performance, breach, and available remedies. In addition to general principles, it examines selected types of specific contracts to illustrate how these principles are applied in practice. Alongside the study of selected national legal systems, the course analyses the body of European contract law, including both primary and secondary EU legislation. It also covers major instruments of transnational contract law, with particular attention to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). Furthermore, the course addresses the increasing relevance of soft law instruments, such as the UNIDROIT Principles, the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), and the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR).

This module provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the foundational principles, rules, and institutions of public international law. Throughout the course, students will embark on an exploration of the historical and theoretical underpinnings of public international law. They will delve into the complexities of statehood, examining various modes of international legal personality. Additionally, students will analyse the formation and application of international law through treaties, customs, and other sources. Key topics such as jurisdiction, the interplay between domestic and international law, and issues of immunity will be thoroughly examined. In response to the contemporary global landscape, this module addresses pressing issues within public international law. Topics such as the peaceful settlement of disputes, the use of force between States, self-determination, and the role of international organisations are given particular emphasis. Furthermore, the module offers a broad overview of international law, including its creation, application, and enforcement mechanisms. While students will not be expected to memorise an exhaustive list of international legal rules, they will develop the analytical tools necessary for understanding and navigating the complexities of international law. Special attention is given to the distinctions between international and domestic law, highlighting the unique challenges and mechanisms within the international legal system.

This course offers a comparative introduction to the fundamental principles of property and succession law, viewed through the lens of divergent legal traditions and their historical development. It explores how different legal systems conceptualise ownership, possession, and the transmission of wealth, core elements of private law that reflect broader cultural, social, and institutional structures. Students will examine the civil law tradition, focusing on the numerus clausus of real rights, the distinction between ownership and limited rights in rem, and the role of public registries, using Greek law as a primary reference point. In contrast, the common law treatment of estates, trusts, and equitable interests will be explored as a distinct paradigm for organising proprietary relations. The course also investigates succession law as a mechanism for managing intergenerational transfer, addressing formal and informal wills, forced heirship, intestacy, and testamentary freedom in various systems. The curriculum encourages critical reflection on contemporary issues such as digital assets, cross-border inheritance, and the tension between individual autonomy and family solidarity. Transnational instruments and EU developments, including the Succession Regulation, are analysed to understand efforts at harmonisation and the challenges of legal pluralism in Europe.

This course introduces students to the core concepts, legal structures, and evolving challenges of Intellectual Property (IP) law in a comparative and transnational context. It focuses on the protection of intangible goods, particularly in the domains of literary, artistic, and technological creations, with a strong emphasis on European, Greek, and international frameworks. Students will examine the foundations and dual nature (moral and economic) of authors' rights, the concept of originality, and the scope of protection for works such as software, databases, and digital content. The course explores how intellectual property law responds to technological progress, especially in the digital age, addressing phenomena such as AI-generated works, blockchain innovations, and digital licensing. Special attention is given to the EU's DSM Directive, the jurisprudence of the CJEU, and the impact of IP enforcement mechanisms online, including platform liability and notice-and-takedown procedures. Through case analysis and practical illustrations, students will engage critically with contemporary debates, such as the tension between copyright and freedom of information, and develop the analytical tools necessary to understand IP law's role in digital culture, creative industries, and transnational commerce.

This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the theory, structure, and legal protection of fundamental rights in modern constitutional systems, with a particular focus on individual and social rights. It examines the nature, typology, and normative foundations of fundamental rights, exploring the principles of human dignity, equality, liberty, and personal autonomy. Key themes include the classification of rights, the identification of right-holders and duty-bearers, the limits and permissible restrictions of rights under democratic constitutionalism, and the principle of proportionality as key method for balancing rights. The course also addresses the doctrinal and practical challenges posed by the overlap, conflict, and balancing of rights, as well as the mechanisms for their protection at the national, European, and international levels -particularly through judicial review. Special attention is given to core rights including personal liberty, privacy, freedom of expression, religious freedom, and rights of collective action, while selected case law illustrates the interaction between domestic and supranational legal orders. The course lays the groundwork for deeper engagement with human rights in subsequent modules.

This course offers a structured and comparative introduction to the general principles of tortious liability and the law of unjust enrichment, as developed in major legal systems. The first part of the course focuses on the foundational elements of extra-contractual liability: wrongful conduct, fault and strict liability, causation, damage, and available remedies. Doctrinal analysis is grounded in the law of obligations under the Greek Civil Code, while comparative insights are drawn from German, French, and common law systems to highlight alternative approaches to personal injury, economic loss, and liability for others. The second part introduces students to the law of restitution and unjust enrichment, examining its theoretical foundations and practical manifestations across jurisdictions. Key distinctions between tort and restitution are explored through case law and scholarly debate. Particular attention is paid to emerging issues such as mass harm, environmental damage, and digital torts, as well as transnational efforts to harmonise civil liability. The course equips students with a doctrinal, comparative, and policy-oriented understanding of civil wrongs and corrective justice.

This course introduces students to the legal framework governing corporations, with a particular focus on the structure, formation, governance, and functioning of capital companies. Using Greek corporate law as the primary reference point, the course explores the legal personality of companies, corporate capacity, and the internal division of powers among corporate organs. Emphasis is placed on the Société Anonyme (public limited company), the Private Company, and other corporate forms under Greek law, alongside comparative references to German, French, UK, and US models. Topics include incorporation, capital structure, duties of directors, shareholder rights, and mechanisms of accountability. The course also addresses contemporary challenges in corporate governance and regulatory trends in EU company law. Through doctrinal analysis, case law, and policy discussion, students are encouraged to assess critically the role of corporate entities in economic life and the legal tools used to balance enterprise efficiency with stakeholder protection.

The European Union, now comprising 27 Member States, has evolved from relatively modest origins into an economic, social and political Union. The EU of today is comprised of a number of institutions, which collectively possess a range of powers (or competences) to enact legal rules in policy areas that affect citizens' everyday lives. Therefore, an understanding of the European Union and its legal system is a crucial component of legal education in every Member State. This course aims to give students a comprehensive understanding of the key constitutional and substantive elements of EU Law. It will start by introducing the structure of the EU by examining its founding treaties, identifying its institutions and understanding their roles. Students will then consider the constitutional principles of EU Law, such as the doctrines of direct effect and supremacy. This material is important in order to critically consider the relationship between the EU and its Member States, whilst also providing an important foundation for understanding the substantive law of the EU.

Building on the introductory foundations of LLB3, this course offers an in-depth examination of substantive criminal law, with a focus on the general part of criminal liability and the systematic classification of offences. Students will revisit and deepen their understanding of actus reus, mens rea, causation, justification, and excuse, while engaging with complex issues such as attempt, participation, and concurrence of offences. Emphasis is placed on the normative structure of the Greek Penal Code, complemented by comparative references to German, French, and Anglo-American models. Through case-based analysis, the course explores both theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of criminal norms in scenarios involving personal injury, property crimes, inchoate offences, and crimes of negligence. Special attention is given to doctrinal coherence, interpretative debates, and the relationship between legislative drafting and judicial interpretation. Students are encouraged to approach criminal law as a dynamic field of public law, balancing legal certainty with evolving social needs.

This course introduces students to the basic concepts, regulatory aspects and development of administrative law through a comparative approach at the national, EU and international level. Key topics include administrative bodies, the Law of administrative acts, administrative contracts and basic elements of administrative organization law. The course draws on examples from both continental and common law traditions, as well as from EU, European and international law. The Greek administrative organization is analyzed as a representative case within the continental system, allowing for reflection on similarities and differences between legal systems. Students will engage in theoretical discussions and practical institutional arrangements, acquiring the tools to understand public law not only as a domestic science, but also as a transnational field shaped by common principles and rules.

This course offers a structured introduction to family law as a distinct branch of private law, focusing on the legal regulation of family relationships, both personal and patrimonial. It examines the formation and dissolution of marriage and other forms of partnership, legal relations between spouses or partners, and the rights and duties of parents and children. Using Greek family law as a primary reference, the course explores issues such as matrimonial property regimes, divorce and its consequences, child custody, maintenance obligations, and adoption. Comparative insights from other European jurisdictions and selected common law systems provide a broader understanding of how legal traditions address family structures, gender roles, and changing social realities. Special emphasis is placed on the constitutional and human rights dimensions of family life, as well as the growing influence of EU law and international conventions in shaping national family law frameworks.

The European Union, now comprising 27 Member States, has evolved from relatively modest origins into an economic, social and political Union. The EU of today is comprised of a number of institutions which collectively possess a range of powers (or competences) to enact legal rules in policy areas that affect citizens' everyday lives. Therefore, an understanding of the European Union and its legal system is a crucial component of legal education in every Member State. Building on the EU Law I, this course will cover: the EU's rules on human rights; the EU's internal market; the rules on the free movement of goods/persons/capital/services; the preliminary reference procedure, the action for annulment, and EU Citizenship.

This course examines the legal challenges and regulatory responses associated with the use of digital technologies, with particular emphasis on data protection and information governance. It explores the evolution of computer law, addressing issues such as cybercrime, digital evidence, platform regulation, algorithmic accountability, and the protection of fundamental rights in the digital environment. A substantial part of the course is devoted to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), including its scope, core principles, data subject rights, and enforcement mechanisms. The Greek legal framework on data protection is presented in the context of EU law and international instruments, with comparative references to regulatory approaches in other jurisdictions. The course encourages critical reflection on the role of law in shaping technological development and balancing innovation with the protection of personal autonomy, dignity, and democratic values.

The course addresses the fundamental theoretical foundations of negotiation and familiarizes students with concepts such as the bottom line, BATNA, ZOPA, anchoring, etc. But it places more emphasis on the skills, strategies and techniques that are applied in practice for effective negotiation outcomes. Such practical interpersonal skills (better known in the literature as “soft skills”) are particularly helpful for lawyers that can apply them to concrete situations they face in their day-to-day transactions with clients and other lawyers. Negotiation is essentially a process of communication, trust building, and mutual persuasion. Thus, learning how to negotiate has become a valuable tool in everyday legal practice. The course aims to show you how to negotiate successfully today by adapting proven negotiation principles and strategies to classical contexts (such as resolving cultural and political differences) to the challenging new ones: online deals, the new social media, reaching agreements over Zoom or during a crisis.

This course offers an advanced and thematically structured engagement with contemporary human rights protection, expanding upon the doctrinal foundations established in Human Rights I. It is divided into discrete units focusing on distinct, yet interrelated fields of international, European, and transnational human rights law. The first thematic block examines the complex relationship between religion and security, beginning with models of church–state relations, followed by an in-depth study of the right to religious freedom and its permissible limitations under international and regional law. A second block addresses the universal human rights system, focusing on the United Nations framework and its primary instruments and bodies. The third section is devoted to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), highlighting interpretative principles and doctrinal developments. The course then turns to the European Social Charter, introducing students to the protection of social and economic rights under the Council of Europe system. The final units explore the role of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in the protection of human dignity during armed conflict, and the normative ambition of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a globally coordinated framework with rights-based dimensions. Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on case law analysis, inter-regime coordination, and the evolving challenges of human rights protection in national and international legal contexts.

This course offers a comprehensive introduction to both individual and collective labour law, focusing on the legal framework that governs employment relationships. It examines the formation, content, and termination of the individual contract of employment, as well as the rights and obligations of employers and employees. The course also introduces students to the institutional role of trade unions, social dialogue, collective agreements, and collective action. Emphasis is placed on comparative international and European labour law and its evolution through legislation and judicial interpretation, particularly in the light of international treaties, European Union law, and international labour standards. Key topics include the concept of subordination, working time, remuneration, leave entitlements, dismissal protection, equal treatment, precarious employment relationships, and social dialogue. Comparative references to continental European and Anglo-American labour law models are used to illuminate different regulatory approaches to the employment relationship and workplace justice.

The first part of this course offers an in-depth exploration of contemporary issues in consumer protection law with a particular focus on the challenges and transformations brought by the digital economy and the European Union's evolving regulatory framework. Students will examine core principles of consumer rights alongside pressing developments such as digital exploitation through dark patterns and algorithmic targeting, the emergence of innovative digital credit and payment services and their implications for consumer over-indebtedness and the protection of consumers in platform-based and gig economy environments. Special emphasis will be placed on greenwashing and environmental claims as consumer protection embraces sustainability, while the increasing use of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanisms and cross-border redress will be analysed within the context of effective enforcement. The course further investigates the tension between consumer empowerment and vulnerability in the data-driven marketplace, offering comparative insights and real-world applications through landmark EU case law, recent legislative reforms (e.g. DSA, CCD2, Omnibus Directive), and interdisciplinary links with competition law. By the end of the course, students will have developed the analytical skills to critically assess and apply legal tools that safeguard consumers in complex, modern markets. The second part of this course offers a comprehensive introduction to European and national competition law as an essential pillar of the internal market and economic governance. Through a structured exploration of substantive and procedural rules, students will examine the legal framework governing anti-competitive practices, the abuse of market power, merger control and state aid. Special attention is paid to the challenges posed by the digital economy and the interplay between traditional enforcement tools and new regulatory initiatives such as the Digital Markets Act (DMA). The course emphasises both on the theoretical foundations and on the practical application of competition law, including landmark case law of the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Students will also become familiar with the role of competition authorities, the mechanics of investigations and the growing relevance of private enforcement and damages actions. By the end of the course, participants will be able to critically assess the role of competition law in maintaining open and fair markets and its interaction with adjacent fields such as consumer protection and digital regulation.

This course introduces students to the principles, stages, and institutions of criminal procedure, with an emphasis on procedural safeguards, the structure of criminal justice systems, and the protection of individual rights. Beginning with the foundational values of due process and fair trial, the course traces the full trajectory of a criminal case, from initiation to final remedies, examining the roles of all key actors, including judges, prosecutors, defence counsel, and law enforcement authorities. Doctrinal instruction is combined with comparative analysis of adversarial and inquisitorial models, focusing on differences in pre-trial investigation, judicial oversight, evidentiary standards, and trial dynamics. Throughout the course, students critically assess issues such as pre-trial detention, the presumption of innocence, plea-bargaining, and the reasoning of judgments, with reference to both national and transnational frameworks. European human rights standards, particularly those under the ECHR, are consistently integrated, allowing students to understand procedural guarantees in a broader normative context. Greek criminal procedure is treated as a reference point within a wider civil law tradition and examined in comparison with Anglo-American systems.

International Migration, Refugee, and Asylum Law is a cornerstone of modern international legal discourse, addressing the complex interplay between state sovereignty, human rights, and the urgent need to protect those displaced by persecution, conflict, and calamity. Rooted in the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, this field defines the obligations of states and the rights of individuals who are forced to seek sanctuary beyond their borders. It encapsulates a legal framework that is both principled and pragmatic, reflecting the enduring tension between the ideals of international solidarity and the realities of national interest. At the heart of this discipline lies the fundamental question: who is entitled to protection under the law? The field offers a rich tapestry of legal principles, most notably the non-refoulement doctrine, which forbids the return of individuals to territories where they risk persecution or harm. Complementing this core tenet are principles derived from human rights and humanitarian law, which extend the reach of protection to those who may fall outside the strict definition of a refugee but nonetheless face profound vulnerabilities. Together, these principles form the bedrock of a system designed to safeguard dignity and justice in the face of displacement. This legal framework is animated by the work of global and regional institutions, foremost among them the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The UNHCR's dual role as a custodian of international refugee law and a provider of humanitarian assistance exemplifies the operational realities of protection. At the regional level, instruments such as the European Union's Common European Asylum System (CEAS), EU's Pact on Migration and Asylum, and the African Union's Kampala Convention demonstrate the adaptability of international principles to varied political and cultural contexts, highlighting both innovation and the challenges of harmonisation. However, the field is not without its controversies and complexities. From the externalisation of asylum processes to the detention of asylum seekers and the concept of 'safe third countries', the legal and ethical questions it raises are as pressing as they are nuanced. In an era marked by mass displacement, climate-induced migration, and ever-tightening border controls, International Migration, Refugee, and Asylum Law must continually evolve to remain fit for purpose. It invites a critical appraisal of current legal frameworks, challenging practitioners and policymakers alike to reconcile competing imperatives of compassion, control, and coherence. For students, this course offers an unparalleled opportunity to engage with the dynamic and deeply human concerns at the heart of migration, forced movement, and international protection. Through an exploration of its principles, practices, and jurisprudence, participants will gain not only an understanding of the letter of the law but also the spirit that drives its application, a spirit that seeks, above all, to preserve the humanity of those for whom the law exists.

This course provides focuses on corporate law through two interconnected components: Insolvency Law and Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). The Insolvency Law component examines the legal framework governing insolvency and restructuring, with a focus on both domestic and European developments. Students will study the conditions for opening insolvency proceedings, the administration of the insolvent estate, and the legal effects on debtors and creditors. Particular attention is given to the principles of liquidation, debt discharge, and the second chance policy, as well as to pre‑insolvency restructuring mechanisms. Cross‑border insolvency issues under the EU Insolvency Regulation are analysed, together with the implementation of the EU Directive on preventive restructuring frameworks. Greek insolvency law serves as a central reference point within a broader comparative and European context. The M&A Law component introduces the legal and regulatory dimensions of mergers and acquisitions in both domestic and cross‑border contexts. Students will examine the main forms of business consolidation, including mergers, asset purchases, tender offers, and hostile takeovers. The course also addresses the crucial role of competition law in merger control, exploring how legal systems seek to prevent concentrations of economic power that could restrict competition and harm consumers. Emphasis is placed on regulatory thresholds, the requirement for prior approval of major transactions, and the ability of authorities to impose conditions or block deals raising competition concerns. The extraterritorial impact of merger control regimes is also considered, highlighting the complexities of transactions that trigger filings across multiple jurisdictions.

Civil procedural law, as a system that protects substantive rights, offers the matrix of procedural rules, regulating in detail and with precision the organization and development of the trial process. The course is designed to cover the rules and procedures involved in the civil dispute resolution process in Greece while shedding light, in respect of selected topics, on other legal systems or the European legal order. By way of introduction, emphasis will be placed on the general features of the administration of justice in civil matters, the structure of the court system and the role of the judge and the parties in civil proceedings. The central learning objective is, precisely, to enable participants to understand fundamental concepts and principles of civil procedural law and become familiar with the process of adjudication as well as with enforcement proceedings. The course attempts to address core topics such as jurisdiction, joinder of parties and claims, third-party proceedings, admissibility of an action, defendant's defense, evidence, parallel proceedings, lis pendens and res-judicata. Although the focus of the course is on first instance ordinary proceedings, special attention will be also given to review proceedings and proceedings for provisional remedies. General features of the enforcement proceedings will be also analyzed, particularly regarding enforcement of money claims. Modern trends in civil dispute resolution process, such as active case management, settlement, ADR/ODR, model rules of civil procedure and digitalization of justice, will also be examined.

This module introduces students to the major issues of International and European Tax Law. Special emphasis will be placed on the latest initiatives by the OECD) as well as on recent case law by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Additionally, this module introduces students to public financial management (PFM), explains the budget cycle, and describes how accounting and financial reporting is done in the public sector. Moreover, this module helps students understand the European Union's economic and fiscal governance framework which aims to monitor, prevent, and correct problematic economic trends that could weaken national economies or negatively affect other EU countries. Emphasis is given to National medium-term fiscal-structural plans (MTPs).

This course explores the intersection of criminal law and transnational governance through three interconnected strands: European Union criminal law, international criminal law, and the extraterritorial application of domestic criminal statutes. The first part of the course focuses on criminal international law: the principles governing the extraterritorial application of national criminal law, including jurisdiction based on nationality, protection of state interests, universal jurisdiction, and issues of enforcement and cooperation. The second part turns to the development of EU criminal law, analysing the shift from intergovernmental cooperation to supranational norm setting, the harmonisation of offences and sanctions, and the operation of the principle of mutual recognition in instruments such as the European Arrest Warrant. Drawing on the work of Kai Ambos, particular emphasis is placed on the normative foundations of EU competence in criminal matters, the evolving role of EU institutions, and the challenges of safeguarding fundamental rights in a multi-level criminal justice system. The third part of the course brings to the forefront issues pertaining to international criminal law, examining the core crimes under international law, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression, as well as the jurisdiction, structure, and jurisprudence of international tribunals, with particular focus on the International Criminal Court (ICC).

This course offers an in-depth and interdisciplinary introduction to Banking and Finance Law with a strong emphasis on the legal, institutional and regulatory dimensions that shape the operation of banking systems at both the European and international levels. Students will be introduced to the historical evolution and economic functions of banks as financial intermediaries and the public interest objectives that underpin their regulation, namely the stability of the financial system, the protection of depositors, the integrity of financial markets and the preservation of trust in the banking system. Special focus will be placed on the architecture of banking regulation, including the division of responsibilities between central banks, financial supervisors, and resolution authorities and the interplay between national, EU and international standards (e.g. EBA, ECB, SRB, Basel Committee). The course will delve into core themes such as the licensing and ongoing supervision of credit institutions, the prudential rules on capital adequacy (Basel I–IV), the internal governance and risk management of banks and the rules on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML/CFT), which are central to the financial system's integrity. Key EU legal instruments such as the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR), the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD), the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), the Payment Services Directive (PSD2), and the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) will be thoroughly examined in light of their real-world impact on banking practices and financial stability. In addition to prudential regulation, the course will also cover market conduct rules and consumer protection frameworks, especially in the areas of retail banking, responsible lending and digital payments. Emerging topics like FinTech, digital banking, Crypto-assets, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and the green transition in finance (e.g. ESG risk disclosures and taxonomy regulation) will be explored in both regulatory and policy terms, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of financial innovation. Through a combination of lectures, case studies, regulatory analysis and classroom debates, students will acquire the tools to interpret complex financial regulation, assess institutional reforms and critically engage with ongoing developments in the banking and finance sector. This course is essential for those aiming to pursue careers in financial law, banking supervision, central banking, compliance, ESG finance or policymaking, and for anyone seeking to understand the pivotal role law plays in the design and operation of financial systems in the 21st century.

The main objective of this course is to provide an in-depth study of Private International Law (also known as Conflict of Laws), with a particular focus on its application to international business transactions. Private international law addresses legal issues arising in private relations that involve an element of internationality (foreign element), meaning they are connected to more than one legal system -for example, a service contract between a Colombian and a French company, or a marriage between a Spanish national and a Greek national. The course aims to demonstrate how the four key legal challenges in cross-border private disputes are resolved. 1. Determining the applicable law, 2. Identifying the competent court or forum, 3. Establishing the conditions for recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and arbitral awards, and 4. Addressing the recognition and enforcement of acts or decisions of foreign public authorities. Students will examine how these issues manifest across key areas such as international contracts, torts, family law (e.g., divorce and custody), property, and corporate law. The course also examines the impact of international treaties (such as the Hague Conventions), EU regulations (if relevant), and developments in comparative private international law. A significant emphasis is placed on the legal complexities of international business transactions, where multiple legal sources often intersect. Students will gain insight into both the substantive law and the dispute resolution mechanisms relevant to international trade. The course will also cover topics such as the legal regulation of business entities, international shipping, and emerging digital transaction models, including block-chain, smart contracts, and issues related to digital markets, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Through the study of hypothetical scenarios, students will develop the analytical skills and legal competencies necessary to navigate cross-border legal challenges in a globalized commercial environment.

The course examines the core principles and elements of international economic law. It focuses on the two main fields of international economic law, namely the law of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and international investment law, examining their main substantive and procedural rules and identifying relevant similarities and differences. It also examines the role of the European Union (EU) as an actor of international economic law and the main legal rules underlying its involvement therein, as well as their interrelation with international law and domestic law in the legal orders of its Member States.

This advanced course examines the procedural architecture of cross-border civil and commercial dispute resolution, combining the study of international litigation with a focused introduction to alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It explores the jurisdictional, procedural, and enforcement challenges arising in private international disputes, with particular emphasis on the application of multilateral treaties (e.g. the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention), EU instruments (Brussels I bis, Service and Evidence Regulations), and comparative national practice. In parallel, the course surveys transnational arbitration and mediation as increasingly prominent methods of dispute resolution, with reference to the New York Convention, the UNCITRAL Model Law, institutional rules (e.g. ICC, LCIA, DIS), and recent developments in digital and online ADR. Distinctive to this course is the integration of structured moot court participation, which constitutes 50% of the final grade. Students are supported in preparing for international moot court competitions, such as the Jessup, Vis, ELMC, and others, or alternatively, may engage in simulated ADR proceedings. The course is designed to develop both legal knowledge and procedural fluency through immersive learning and experiential learning. By its conclusion, students will be equipped to navigate the legal and strategic dimensions of complex transnational disputes, whether before national courts, arbitral panels, or hybrid mechanisms.

This course offers a comprehensive introduction to international, European, and domestic environmental law, with a focus on the legal principles, regulatory frameworks, and governance mechanisms developed to address environmental degradation and promote sustainability. It begins by examining the evolution and sources of international environmental law, before turning to the general principles that guide environmental policy and adjudication, including the polluter pays principle, the precautionary principle, prevention, and rectification at source. Students will explore the concept of sustainable development as both a normative and operational tool for balancing environmental protection with socio-economic objectives, as reflected in treaty law, case law, and soft law instruments. The course further addresses the institutional framework for combatting climate change at international and European level, analysing the roles of the UNFCCC, the Paris Agreement, and the EU Climate Law. It then turns to environmental licensing, Environmental Impact Studies (EIS), and the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and energy transition policies, including emissions trading, carbon pricing, and renewable energy obligations. Issues of biodiversity protection, water, waste, and air quality regulation are examined within the EU context, alongside legal tools for environmental liability, compliance, and access to justice. The course also explores the geopolitical dimensions of sustainable development, including climate security, and considers the legal framework surrounding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), financing for development, and green or sustainable finance. Finally, emerging responses such as circular economy models and rights of nature are analysed as potential paradigms for future environmental governance.

This course examines the legal frameworks governing activities in the energy sector, including production, generation, transmission, distribution, supply, and consumption of energy. It introduces students to the core legal rules, institutions, and regulatory techniques that structure the energy market at the national, regional, and international levels. While energy law remains subject to domestic regulation, national legal orders have progressively converged due to the growing interdependence of energy markets. The course analyses key legal instruments developed within the European Union, particularly in the context of the Energy Union, as well as international legal standards applicable to specific sectors such as oil and gas. Special attention is given to the role of independent regulatory authorities and the legal obligations placed on corporations operating in energy markets. Greek energy law is used as a point of reference throughout, but the course adopts a broader comparative and transnational approach. By the end of the course, students will have developed a comprehensive understanding of the legal principles, institutional structures, and policy dynamics that shape the global energy sector.

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and regulatory challenges posed by digital technologies and digital infrastructures. It is structured around four interconnected thematic blocks: telecommunications regulation, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. The first part introduces the legal architecture of telecommunications and electronic communications networks, focusing on licensing, spectrum management, consumer protection, and the role of independent authorities such as the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT) and the European Body of Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). The second part addresses the regulatory dimensions of digital transformation, including the EU Digital Services and Digital Markets Acts, data governance, and the technological, organisational, and ethical implications for public and private sector actors. In the third section, students are introduced to the legal and ethical challenges arising from the development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems, with emphasis on liability, transparency, intellectual property, and algorithmic fairness. The final section explores cybersecurity law, including threat response, encryption standards, crisis management, and key EU regulatory instruments such as the Cyber Resilience Act and the NIS2 Directive. The course adopts a comparative, interdisciplinary approach, combining doctrinal analysis with policy discussion and case studies from national, European, and global contexts.

This course offers a concise introduction to administrative justice, emphasizing its historical evolution and institutional framework at both national and European levels. Students will explore supra-legislative sources such as the European Convention on Human Rights and core principles of administrative law, including party equality and the right to a fair trial. The curriculum covers the fundamental distinction in Greek administrative law between annulment actions and substantive appeals, along with an examination of first-instance legal remedies. The law of evidence is addressed through key case law and comparative perspectives from other legal systems. Further topics include provisional judicial protection, the appellate and cassation procedures, and the jurisdiction of the Administrative Court of Appeal. The course concludes with a comparative study of the Court of Auditors in Greece and the European Union, highlighting their respective roles and procedural frameworks. Moreover, the curriculum encompasses specialized domains of administrative procedural law, including European Union Administrative Procedural Law, Administrative Litigation in Environmental Law, Energy Law and Digital Law, thereby equipping students with an in-depth understanding of contemporary challenges and developments in administrative justice.